11^th International Conference on Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology Nov 20-21, 2017 Melbourne, Australia

Biography:

Amal I Khalil is an Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing at the Menoufia University, Egypt. Currently, he is working in King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for health sciences, college of nursing, Jeddah, where she was awarded many times for her teaching activities, community and social contributions. She was nominated as a reviewer to the Journal of Horizon Research Publishing, Journal of Nursing and Health USA and International Journal of Nursing and Clinical Practices. She had also worked as a Psychotherapist at a private practice and has membership in American Psychiatric Nurse Association, family and child safety program related to National Guard health affairs, Saudi Arabia and KAFA institution for smoking and addiction management.

Abstract:

Background: Each child around the world has the right to live his life in peace. Child sexual abuse is a serious public health problem globally.

Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of an educational program targeting children sexual abuse in developing Saudi mothers’ knowledge and awareness about children sexual abuse.

Methods: A quasi-experimental of one group pre-post-test design was used with a convenient sample of 38 mothers who have children in the 81 elementary school affiliated to ministry of education, Jeddah, KSA.

Results: A 38 Saudi mothers’ majority of them (89%) were aged between 20 and 40 years. Majority (57.9%) of them had 4-6 children and has secondary level of education (55.3%). A highly statistically significant difference between pre/post assessment knowledge as P=0.000 with difference in their attitudes but is not significant. While, significant correlation was found between the total score of pre/post knowledge assessment and the mothers’ work state as P=0.000 and 0.037. However, there was a significant difference in the participants post knowledge total score (P=0.006) with number of children in the family P≤0.05 level. Moreover, the age of children and total score of pre/post mothers’ knowledge and attitude, only a negative significant difference was found in pre knowledge participants total score (P=-0.001).

Conclusion & Recommendation: The results concluded that mothers’ knowledge and attitude were inadequate enough to protect their children from CSA in pre assessment with a significant difference in post assessment. Therefore, it is recommended that, conducting more CSA prevention programs for parents and children is an urgent necessity, to increase their knowledge, level of awareness and to change their attitude regarding CSA teaching program, in addition, replication of the current study with longitudinal design that might help in identifying the change of attitudes.

Biography:

Akeau Unahalekhaka is a Professor at Faculty of Nursing, Chaing Mai University, Thailand. She has graduated with Bachelor of Science in Nursing, Master of Science and PhD in Epidemiology. She has also received Certificate in Surveillance and Applied Epidemiology for HIV and AIDS from CDC, USA and certificate in statistical, epidemiological and operational methods applied in medicine and public health from University of Brussels, Belgium. She is the President of Nursing Association for Prevention and Control of Infections (NAPCI) Thailand, Consultant of Central Sterilization Service Association of Thailand and many hospitals in Infection Prevention and Control (IPC). She is currently an Editorial Council Member of The International Journal of Infection Control (IJIC) of the International Federation of Infection Control (IFIC). She has written many books on IPC and Disinfection and Sterilization. Her research interest includes infection, prevention and control; disinfection and sterilization and epidemiology.

Abstract:

Background: Glass particle fragmentation and ampoule contamination upon opening have been previously reported for more than 5 decades.

Aim: This study aimed to determine whether there were still glass particles contaminated in single dose glass ampoules.

Methods: Eight hundred (800) 10 ml sterile water for injection ampoules were inspected for glass particle contamination upon opening. Ampoules were opened by 400 nursing personnel of 3 tertiary care hospitals using their normal practices (2 ampoules per 1 nurse). Glass particle contamination was inspected by stereomicroscope and size and number of particles were inspected by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results: 798 ampoules were inspected. Glass particles were detected in 65% of ampoules (95% CI: 61.6-68.3). Size of particles, detected from 20 positive samples from stereomicroscope inspection, ranged from 8-172 micron. The mean numbers of glass particles detected were: 47.8±20.4 for particle size <50 micron, 3.7±3.2 for size 51-100 micron and 0.6±1.07 for size 101-200 micron. Among 20 negative samples from stereomicroscope inspection (no glass particle detected), SEM could detect glass particles with sizes ranged from 8 to 54 microns. The mean numbers of glass particles detected were: 27.8±21.8 for particle size <50 micron, 0.75±1.2 for size 51-100 micron and 0.5±0.2 for size 101-200 micron.

Conclusion: Glass particle contamination occurs on opening single dose glass ampoules. Hospital personnel should be aware and carefully draw the content in the ampoule.

Biography:

Jerry John Nutor is a PhD candidate at Drexel University, College of Nursing and Health Professions. He is registered nurse with Master degree in Nursing and Healthcare leadership from University of California, Davis. His long-term research goal is to develop new ways of improving health care for underrepresented segments of the population, such as rural and urban communities in sub-Saharan Africa.

Abstract:

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV is a major problem in sub-Saharan Africa despite increasing availability of free and subsidized antiretroviral treatment (ART) medication. MTCT can be significantly reduced provided pregnant and breastfeeding mothers adhere to prescribed regimens. Access to potable water and adequate sanitation declared as basic human rights by the United Nations, is a major problem in low-resource countries including Zambia, located in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using the social-ecological model and the theory of planned behavior, we are investigating the influence of WASH on ART adherence intention among HIV positive pregnant and breastfeeding women enrolled in Option B+ ART regimen, the current World Health Organization recommendation for low resource countries. We will examine how urban vs. rural residence modifies ART adherence intention overall and in relation to WASH, since access to WASH and other resources varies greatly by residence location. We are recruiting a total of 150 pregnant or breastfeeding HIV positive women who are taking antiretroviral medications and reside in either the Lusaka (urban) or Sinazongwe (rural) districts of Zambia. Participants are being asked about WASH situations in their homes and communities and their intention of adhering to ART. We are also collecting information about the women’s beliefs, attitudes and norms surrounding ART adherence intention. We will use descriptive and inferential statistics to examine associations between WASH and ART adherence intentions. Knowledge gained will be used to design culturally and setting appropriate WASH educational intervention programs.

Biography:

Howaida Saati has completed his PhD from Northumbria University the UK. She is the Assistant Professor at King Saud bin Abdul Aziz for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. She has achieved the fellow status membership of the British Higher Education Academy, UK. She is a Quality Surveyor at NCAAA in Saudi Arabia which concern the quality of education among Saudi and Gulf universities and CBCAHI Surveyor which concern the quality for patient safety among Saudi and Gulf health institutions.

Abstract:

The overall aim of this research is to characterize the experience, knowledge and attitude with regard to cancer and chemotherapy among Saudi adult oncology patients, as well as the role of the oncology team, particularly oncology nurses, in supporting patients undergoing chemotherapy. We envisage that our findings will be beneficial for oncology nurses to enhance their understanding of patient needs and improve their practice by using a patient-centered approach to oncology services. Specific objectives of this study are to assess: (1) Patients’ understanding of the nature of their disease, their cancer diagnosis and treatment plan, (2) The influence of culture and religion on patients’ perception and acceptance of diagnosis and cancer treatment, (3) The level of family support throughout the chemotherapy treatment journey, (4) Patients’ experiences pre- and post-chemotherapy concerns, needs, communication preferences with an emphasis on the patient interaction with the oncology health team and (5) The role of oncology nurses in ensuring the overall quality of care and support needed by cancer patients before and after chemotherapy. This is an exploratory study assessing the experience, using questioner to explore the knowledge and attitudes of adult Saudi oncology patients with regard to their cancer diagnosis and treatment and highlighting the role of oncology nurses in supporting the patient experience of chemotherapy at Princess Nora Oncology Center, King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The findings of this study is used to guide healthcare professionals and in particular oncology nurses, in their approach for delivering care to cancer patients and establishing a patient-centered approach to oncology services.

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Divya Maheta currently studying in post graduate department of pharmacology at B. K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Rajkot, India (Gujarat Technological University) which is only government pharmacy college of state. I have finished my graduation from same institute. During my graduation study, I have been invited as a speaker for international conference at U.S.A. and presented research poster at national level conference in INDIA. In September month of current year, I have presented research work in international conference at Dubai and served as a moderator in same conference too.

Abstract:

Biography:

Abstract:

The effect of Lecanicillium muscarium on Puccinia oxalidis was investigated. Oxalis is a common edible weed characterized by high concentrations of oxalic acid. The plants were inoculated with urediospores of P. oxalidis by dusting uninfected oxalis plants with leaves of rust-infected plants. Symptoms appeared after 4-5 days. The biocontrol agent (L. muscarium) occurred naturally on the infected leaves and was isolated at the later stage of P. oxalidis development on the abaxial surface of the infected leaves. Samples of L. muscarium were taken from an infected pustule of P. oxalidis and streaked onto potato dextrose agar plates and incubated at 28oC. PDA plates with colonies of L. muscarium were placed under UV light to stimulate sporulation and from those plates’ three different concentrations 102, 104, and 106 conidia/ml1- were prepared. The prepared concentrations were supra-inoculated on rust infected leaves. The concentration of 106 conidia/ml1- provided a better control of the pathogen since on average it colonized more than 70 percent of the pustules per plant. The concentration of 104 conidia/ml1- controlled only 26. 49 percent of pustules and there was no huge difference from 102 conidia/ml1- which gave 25 percent colonization. Spore penetrations by L. muscarium on urediospores viewed by scanning electron microscope were evident on those pustules that were supra-inoculated with the concentration of 106 conidia/ml1-. Hyperparasitism was predominant on the lower concentrations which did not manifest spore penetration. The results demonstrated that L. muscarium should be applied in relatively high concentrations in order to colonize more pustules of P. oxalidis. The potential of L. muscarium in controlling rust for commercial crops will be tested on chapter under greenhouse conditions. 

Biography:

Studying medicine at Islamic azad university of medical science, attending international congresses and presenting posters, being a member in scientific committee in the 1^st international congress of cancer pain management, being executive member in the 2^nd oncology congress of mahak rehabilitation.

Abstract:

Several species of Berberis (A.K.A Barberry) are traditionally used as appetizer, emollient, antihypertensive, and coagulant agents. It is known by the name of Zereshk in the persian language, and it has a big place in persian alimentation. Avicenna, The great persian scientist, believed that the root and fruit of this plant has serious effects on miscarriage and human pregnancy loss. This research, Inspired from Avicenna’s theory, investigated the stimulating effect of Barberry’s extract and Berberine alkaloid, on rat uterus contraction, and it’s possible role in miscarriage and RPL. The uterus was induced by Acetylcholine (ACh), KCl, and Oxytocin. Barberry’s extract stimulates the uterine contraction induced by ACh, KCl, and Oxytocin but Berberine had inhibitory effects on rat uterus smooth muscle induced by KCl.

Berberine is one of the main alkaloids in Barberry. Our studies showed that berberine acted as an inhibitor to induce relaxation, Whereas the Barberry’s extract mostly caused contractions. The relaxing effects of Berberine might be as the result of Ca2+ channel blocking as it inhibited the response to KCl, but other alkaloids contained in Barberry’s extract, are believed to be responsible for ACh, KCl, Oxytocin induced stimulation through mechanisms other than voltage operated Ca2+ channels. Therefore, the general belief is that Barberry is potential to increase the risk of miscarriage and overusing it during pregnancy may cause abortion or pretime labor. Identification of the main stimulating alkaloid components is recommended for future studies

Biography:

Amal I Khalil is an Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing at the Menoufia University, Egypt. Currently, he is working in King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for health sciences, college of nursing, Jeddah, where she was awarded many times for her teaching activities, community and social contributions. She was nominated as a reviewer to the Journal of Horizon Research Publishing, Journal of Nursing and Health USA and International Journal of Nursing and Clinical Practices. She had also worked as a Psychotherapist at a private practice and has membership in American Psychiatric Nurse Association, family and child safety program related to National Guard health affairs, Saudi Arabia and KAFA institution for smoking and addiction management.

Abstract:

Abstract

Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a form of gender-based violence and a violation of female human rights. Although much work has been done to tackle this practice in Egypt, the UNICEF (2016) reported that, prevalence remains high in Africa and the middle East.

Aim: The aim is to investigate the effectiveness of an educational program in exchanging knowledge, attitudes and practices of school teachers towards FGM.

Methods: A quasi experimental research design (one group pre/post) assessment was used with 30 female teachers selected conveniently from Al-Tonsi Primary School mixed education (male and female) affiliated to Ministry of Art and Education, Cairo, Egypt.

Results: 30 Egyptian teachers with mean age 36.93±8.42 and mean number of daughters was 1.47±0.0.73; majority of them were university graduates, grown up in urban areas and were married (80.0%, 73.3% and 86.6%, respectively). Most of the respondents, 86.7% were circumcised, 77% of them were circumcised by traditional birth attendants. The mean total score for knowledge about FGM was 11.7±2.0.0 in the pre-test compared to 27.4±1.3 in the post-test with a statistical significant difference (P<0.001). The mean total score for attitude toward FGM practices was 43.9±6.8 in the pre-test as compared to 26.5±1.6 in the post-test with a significant difference (P<0.001). About 20% of the respondents were willing to circumcise their daughters in the pre-test with a significantly higher prevalence among teachers who grew up in urban areas (66.7%) than in rural areas (P<0.001) as compared to 0.0% in the post-test. Significant correlations were found between the age of respondents and the total attitude score in the pretest (P=0.002), the number of daughters and the total attitude score in the pre-test and post-test were (P=0.03 and P=0.01 respectively).

Conclusions & Recommendations: The educational program was effective in changing knowledge, attitudes and future practices of female teachers towards FGM. Therefore, addressing mothers through ongoing educational activities is still needed to increase their awareness regarding dangers of FGC practice and change their attitude towards its continuation.

Biography:

Jerry John Nutor is a PhD candidate at Drexel University, College of Nursing and Health Professions. He is registered nurse with Master degree in Nursing and Healthcare leadership from University of California, Davis. His long-term research goal is to develop new ways of improving health care for underrepresented segments of the population, such as rural and urban communities in sub-Saharan Africa.

Abstract:

Child mortality, defined as death of infants and children under age of 5-years is an important measure of child health as well as an indicator of the overall health status of a country or region. Children are more vulnerable to all kinds of hazards than adults as they are dependent on parents or other care takers to provide what they need in order to survive. The current study therefore examined associations between household resources and child mortality in Ghana. The study answered the following research questions: (1) What household resources are associated with child mortality in Ghana? (2) Does the availability of household resources contribute to child mortality over and above the influence of other measures of socioeconomic status? This cross-sectional descriptive study analyzed the 2007 Ghana Maternal Health Survey. The analyzed for this study consist of 7183 parous women aged 15-45 years. Descriptive inferential statistics were used to summarize the means of continuous variables and proportions of categorical variables and to cross-tabulate each variable, including the household resources, by maternal report of child death in the full sample and in the sample stratified by rurality of residence. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between household resources and child mortality, controlling for the covariates. Women who resided in the urban area were more likely to report access to all the household resources measured than those in rural area, except kerosene lantern for which more rural women reported possession. In unadjusted comparisons, a significantly lower proportion of women who reported possession of each of the household resources reported child mortality. In the model restricted to women living in rural areas, none of the household resources were associated with child mortality. In contrast, in the model restricted to women living in urban areas and towns, having refrigerator at the time of interview was associated with lower odds of reporting child mortality 0.63 [95% CI: 0.48, 0.83]; whereas, having a kerosene lantern [AOR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.85] or flush toilet [AOR=1.84; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.75] was associated with higher odds of reporting child mortality. Possession of a refrigerator may play a role in child mortality, particularly in urban areas. This finding may reflect unmeasured SES or the importance of access to refrigeration in preventing diarrheal disease or other proximal causes of child mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Biography:

Natalie Eaton has completed her Bachelor of Health Science with a major in Biomedical Science at the University of Southern Queensland. In November 2017 she will complete her Honours in Immunology at the National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith University. 

Abstract:

Rituximab impedes natural killer (NK) cells function in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) patients: A pilot in vitro investigation outlines the toxicological effect Rituximab has on the cytotoxic activity of NK cells isolated from CFS/ME patients. CFS/ME is a multifactorial disorder commonly characterised by reduced NK cell cytotoxicity. A total of 8 CFS/ME patients (48.63 ± 15.69 years) and 9 non-fatigued controls (NFC) (37.56 ± 11.06 years) were included using the Fukuda case definition. Apoptotic function, lytic proteins (granzyme A and granzyme B) and degranulation markers (CD107a and CD107b) were measured on NK cells using flow cytometric analysis prior to and following overnight incubation with Rituximab at 10µg/ml and 100µg/ml. We reported a significant reduction in NK cell lysis of target K562 cells in CFS/ME patients compared to NFC following incubation with 100µg/ml of Rituximab (p<0.05). Conversely, no significant difference was reported for NFC following incubation with Rituximab. There was also a significant decrease in granzyme B in CFS/ME patients compared to NFC with 100µg/ml of Rituximab prior to K562 cells stimulation (p<0.05). Moreover, a significant increase in CD107a (p<0.05) and CD107b (p<0.01) expression was observed in NFC after stimulation with K562 cells prior to incubation with Rituximab. There was a significant increase in CD107b expression in CFS/ME patients before and after overnight incubation with 100µg/ml of Rituximab prior to K562 cells stimulation (p<0.01). This study showed that Rituximab can have significant impairment on NK cell activity and finally the toxicological effects may worsen patients’ symptoms. 

Biography:

Abstract:

It is well known that the activation of gastrointestinal (GI) opioid receptors by endogenous and exogenous opioids results in GI transit (GIT) inhibition. However, a direct linkage between the activity of the opioid system and GIT remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize the activity of central and GI opioid receptors that presumably influence GIT in two mouse lines divergently bred for high (HA line) and low (LA line) swim stress-induced analgesia (SSIA). The contribution of opioid receptors to the regulation of peristalsis in HA and LA mice was investigated by means of morphine-stimulated [³⁵S]GTPγS assay in the CNS and in the small and large intestine. HA mice compared to their LA counterparts showed enhanced G-protein activation in the thalamus (152 ± 2.6 vs. 136 ± 2.4, p < 0.001), cortex (130 ± 1.9 vs. 117 ± 1.7, p < 0.001) and the spinal cord (135 ± 1.4 vs. 120 ± 2.6, p < 0.001). No stimulation of [³⁵S]GTPγS binding was detected in the small or large intestine. In conclusion, differences in gastrointestinal transit between HA and LA mice could be reflected by alterations in opioid-related G - protein activation in the CNS rather than the gastrointestinal tract.

Biography:

Gayoung Park is a graduate student in the department of life science at Gachon University, Korea

Abstract:

Inappropriate recognition of self-DNA contributes to interferonopathy and promotes autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and chronic polyarthritis. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway plays an important role in production of inflammatory cytokines. To identify potential suppressors of STING-induced type I interferon (IFN) induction, 70% ethanol extracts of medicinal plants were screened for inhibitory activity against IFN-β promoter activation. As a result, 70% ethanol extract of Cephalotaxus koreana specifically down-regulated STING-induced, but not TBK1- or IRF3-induced, IFN-β promoter activity. The compounds exerting inhibitory activity specifically against STING-mediated IFN-β promoter activation in 70% ethanol extract of Cephalotaxus koreana were identified as ester alkaloids, homoharringtonine and harringtonine. These two compounds inhibited 2’3’-cGAMP-induced IFN-stimulated gene expression and interaction between STING and TBK1. These suppressive effects were not observed with cephalotaxine devoid of the ester side-chain. Our data support the potential utility of homoharringtonine and harringtonine to treat STING-associated interferonopathy and autoimmune diseases

Biography:

Abstract:

Objective: The study aims to evaluate frequency and to identify factors which may increase the discontinuation of Methotrexate (MTX) among our Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in Aseer region, KSA.

Biography:

Studying medicine at Islamic azad university of medical science, attending international congresses and presenting posters, being a member in scientific committee in the 1^st international congress of cancer pain management, being executive member in the 2^nd oncology congress of mahak rehabilitation.

Abstract:

This study was performed to determine the frequency and drug resistance and biotypes of enterococcus-related urinary tract infections in a multi-center study in Tehran. In this observational cross-sectional descriptive study, 39991 consecutive patients suspected to have UTI attending to hospitals were enrolled and were evaluated for frequency, drug resistance, and biotypes of  enterococcus-related urinary tract infections. In this study it was seen that 2589 subjects (6.5%) had established UTI among them 87 subjects (3.4%) had enterococcus-related urinary tract infection. Among them 70 cases were evaluated for biotype and drug resistance showing all cases were Faecalis biotype. The nitrofurantoin and gentamicin showing 1.6% and 85.9% were those with least and most drug resistance. Totally, according to the results obtained in this study it may be concluded that enterococcus is responsible for three percent of urinary tract infections with dominant biotype of faecalis. The most sensitivity and resistance were related to nitrofurantion and gentamicin, respectively.